Abel Chapter 10 Science Questions

1. Science is explained as a fact by taking a general law and deriving the fact depending on the circumstances of the fact. Facts are taken from the before event and by the after event.

2. Misconceptions:

a. Science describes rather than explain.

b. Sciences explains the strange with the familiar.

c. Science explanation is not the same as "understanding."

d. Scientific explanation does not need to be casual.

3. General law is deduced from a broader view rather than induced from experiment.

4. Explanations depend on the person. It is based on the perception of the person.

5. Explanatory reductions are economic ways of describing phenomena.

6. Scientific explanation requires the concepts of a system.

7. The theory of emergence is used to explain the how anything never came into this world because one can predict the sum of something combined, even though there are two separate entities.

8. Theory and observation are independent from each other because observation does not constitute a theory.

9. Scientific explanation is theoretically identical to prediction because if something can be predicted, that means that there is an understanding to how that something works. Abel argues that explanation does not need to predict anything in understanding it.

10. Abel means that many factors influence the progression of science which does not make it clear cut, but can take many directions

11.The situations that require explanation are situations that seem "natural" to us.

12. The human element cannot be eliminated from the process of scientific explanation because we provide all the rules and create the laws.

13. This does hold true in history because history is always changing depending on new information being found.

What is Math?

Math = Language

-"Universal Language"

Math > Language

-You can make statement that are difficult or impossible to make in natural languages

Math <>

-Can't say "I love you"

-Mathematical statements do not refer to the real world

Axioms is a Premise or Starting Point

Definitions of an Axiom:

1.) Consistent

2.) Independent

3.) Simplicity

4.) Fruitful

Theorems:

1. Lines perpendicular to the same line are parallel
3. The angles in a triangle add up to 180 degrees
4. The angles added up on a line is 180 degrees

Platonists: Belief that math is out there waiting to be discovered- Timelessly true

Formulist: Belief that math is invented.

Prescribed Title Outline

Jason Peterson

January 4, 2010

Prescribed Title 10 Outline

Prescribed Title 10: What similarities and differences are there between Scientific and Historical Explanations?

Opening:

In the opening paragraph I will refer to the key words used in the question. They are “similarities,” “differences,” “between,” “Scientific,” and “Historical Explanations.” From this I will build my thesis, which will reference the similarities between science and historical explanation in the first body paragraph and then the differences in the second body paragraph. Throughout the body paragraphs I will refer to different ways of knowing and examples to justify my claim.

Body Paragraphs:

1.) Similarities between the scientific and historical explanation:

· Aok: Chemistry and Physics vs. History

· Wok: Focus on Perception and Reason

§ Each use empirical knowledge to learn and gain more knowledge, (implications/ counterclaims of this….)

§ Deductive reasoning skills are needed to put pieces together in everyday events that occur in these areas, (implications/ counterclaims of this….)

· Examples: Judgment Day: Intellectual Design on Trial, What the Bleep do we Know, The Cheques Lab & Carr, Just the Facts Ma’am

2.) Differences between the scientific and historical explanation:

· Aok: Chemistry and Physics vs. History

· Wok: Focus on Language and Emotion

§ Language can me misinterpreted and “lost-in-translation” (implications/ counterclaims of this….)

§ Emotion can overrule Reason and thus biases come into play (implications/ counterclaims of this….)

· Examples: Japanese Revisionist History, The Cheques Lab & Carr, Stanford Prison Experiment

Conclusion:

Re-summarize what was previously stated in the opening paragraph and two body paragraphs as well as put in my own personal biases. Complete final paragraph with a whole complete thought thus ending the compare and contrast essay smoothly.

Bibliography

Cunningham, Philip J. Japanese Revisionist History.

<http://www.howardwfrench.com/archives/2005/04/12/japans_revisionist_history/> April 11, 2005. Accessed January 5, 2010.

Henly, Carolyn P. The Cheques Lab & Carr. <http://home.comcast.net/~cphenlymbk2006/ibnapresentation.htm > July 16, 2008. Access January 5, 2010.

Lepore, Jill. Just the Facts Ma’am. <http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/atlarge/2008/03/24/080324crat_atlarge_lepore > March 24, 2008. Accessed January 5, 2010.

McMaster, Joseph. Judgment Day: Intellectual Design on Trial. A Production by NOVA and Vulcan Productions, Inc. in association with The Big Table Film Company, © 2007 WGBH Educational Foundation and Vulcan Productions, Inc.

What the Bleep do we Know?

Zimbardo, Philip G. The Standford Prison Experiment. < http://www.prisonexp.org/ > 1999-2009, Accessed January 5, 2010.

Brave New World Chapter 10

1. Why does the director feel that Unorthodoxy is worse than Murder? What does the Director want to do with Bernard Marx?

Murder affects an individual, and the individual is considered as nothing in their society. Unorthodox behavior affects the community, which is the whole group of people. Could have a bad effect on the society.

2. What surprise does Bernard bring to the Director?

He shows her Linda, and he brings the baby to the director that Linda had in the reservation.

Brave New World Chapter 9

1. What did Lenina do when she got back to the rest-house?

Took 6.5 g of soma and went on an eighteen hour holiday.

2. What does Bernard ask his fordship, Mustapha Mond?

Wanted to know if he could bring John and Lenina back with him.

3. What does John say when he is by Lenina's bedside? Why is this significant?

"Her eyes, her hair, her cheek, her gait, her voice; Handiest in thy discourse O! that her hand, In whose comparison all whites are ink. Writing their own reproach; to whose soft seizure." From Shakespeares comedy's called "Troilius and Cressida". Describing the love that John feels to Lenina. "On the white wonder of dear Juliet's hand, may seize And steal immortal blessing from her lips, Who, even in pure and vestal modesty, Still blush, as thinking their own kisses sin." From Shakespeare's tragedy "Romeo and Juliet", more lovely words for Lenina from John.

Brave New World Chapter 8

1. How would you describe John's upbringing? Why do you think that he says he is, "Alone, always alone"? How does Bernard feel about John?

He was very alone in the world. He did not have anyone to look up too and thus was learned by himself. Thus the reason why he is considered "savage." His mother didn't teach him much so he was not civilized or a pure savage. He thought he was odd be cause of the differences between the two cultures.

2. Why does John say at the end of the chapter, "O brave new world!"

It was like he was being shown the Holy Grail of hidden truths. It was the complete opposite of what his entire life has been up to that point.

Brave New World Chapter 7

1. How does Lenina feel about their appointed guide?

Doesn't like him, he smells bad.

2. How does Lenina react to "naked Indian"(p. 110)? Does it remind you of anyone else we have studied?

Doesn't like to see people aging and sick. She fears death.

3. How does Bernard react to the pueblo of Malpais?

He is entranced by it.

4. Who is Linda? What is her relationship to Tomakin?

Linda is the woman that was left behind by the Director Thomas. She was presumed to be dead.

5. Why does Linda believe that "everything they do is mad"(p. 121)? Please be specific.

Linda doesn't understand because she outside of her everyday, same old same old, world and this is the "real" world.